Taking GLP Drugs: What to Expect

Introduction

As explained in my previous article, GLP (Glucagon-Like Peptide) receptor agonists are a class of medications used to treat Type 2 diabetes and assist in weight management. These drugs, such as semaglutide (Wegovy® and Ozempic®) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro® and Zepbound®) mimic the effects of the GLP hormone, which regulates blood sugar and appetite. They have become highly effective treatments, especially for people looking to lose weight or improve their diabetes control. However, like all medications, GLP drugs come with side effects that patients should be aware of and prepared to manage. In this short article I explain some of the things to look out for when taking GLP-1 drugs, with an emphasis on common side effects and potential remedies.

How GLP Drugs Work

These drugs affect the digestive system. They slow down gastric emptying (the time it takes for food to leave the stomach), which prolongs the feeling of fullness after meals and reduces overall calorie intake. This mechanism is why they are effective in aiding weight loss. They also work by mimicking naturally occurring hormones. They increase insulin production when blood sugar is high and inhibit glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar. This dual action helps regulate glucose levels, making them particularly useful for managing Type 2 diabetes.

Weight Loss: What to Expect

One of the most significant benefits of GLP drugs is their potential to promote weight loss. Clinical studies have shown that people can lose a significant percentage of their body weight over several months of consistent use. However, this weight loss is gradual, and it may take weeks to see significant results. It is important to notice that everyone’s reaction to these drugs is an individual one. Occasionally, people are “super-responders” and see appetite suppression and weight loss from the first week. At the other end of the scale, some people are “slow-responders,” often defined as weight loss of less than a pound a month. Internet forums like reddit have discussions for GLP drugs, which can be helpful if you fall into either of these extremes. Some studies have suggested those with more weight to lose are faster losers, especially in the early stages. What is most important is setting realistic expectations based on your unique physiology. Slow responders, for example, might note that even though they aren’t losing as fast as their friend, they aren’t gaining weight either. Slow and steady can still win the weight loss race.

The reduction in appetite and prolonged feelings of fullness produced by these drugs make it easier to consume fewer calories. For the best results, you should combine the medication with both healthy eating and regular physical activity. Long-term weight loss and maintenance will depend on lifestyle changes in addition to the medication.

Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider are crucial to monitor your progress and make any necessary adjustments to your dosage.

Starting GLP drugs: Initial Adjustments

GLP therapy usually starts with a low dose, which is gradually increased over time to reduce the risk of side effects. The medication is typically administered as a weekly injection. While some people notice effects immediately, for others it may take some weeks to notice the full effects of the drug, both in terms of blood sugar control and weight loss. During this initial onboarding period, side effects are common but research has shown they often decrease as your body adjusts to the medication.

Common Side Effects and Remedies

Nausea

What to Expect: Nausea is one of the most frequent side effects when starting this class of drugs. This occurs because the drug slows down digestion, which can overwhelm the gastrointestinal system at first.

Remedies:

• Eat smaller, more frequent meals to avoid overloading your stomach.
• Avoid greasy, fried, or spicy foods that can exacerbate nausea.
• Stay hydrated, but sip water slowly to avoid worsening the sensation.
• Ginger or peppermint tea may provide some relief.
• If nausea persists, speak with your healthcare provider about adjusting your dose or taking anti-nausea medication.

Vomiting and Diarrhea

What to Expect: Some patients experience vomiting or diarrhea, especially during the first few weeks of treatment. This is again usually a result of the drug’s effects on the digestive system.

Remedies:

• As with nausea, smaller meals can help reduce the chances of vomiting.
• Eat bland, easy-to-digest foods, such as bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (the BRAT diet).
• Stay hydrated with water, clear or bone broths, or oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration from diarrhea.
• Over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications may help, but consult your healthcare provider before use.
• If these symptoms are severe or prolonged, consult your doctor, as an adjustment in the dosage or timing of the medication may be necessary.

Constipation

What to Expect: Constipation is another common side effect of GLP-1 drugs. The slowing of digestion can lead to less frequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools.

Remedies:

• Increase your intake of fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
• Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep stools soft.
• Engage in regular physical activity, which can help stimulate bowel movements. Even a brisk walk can help.
• Consider using over-the-counter fiber supplements or mild laxatives if constipation persists.
• If constipation becomes a chronic issue, your healthcare provider may adjust your dosage or suggest further interventions.

Fatigue and Weakness

What to Expect: Fatigue and weakness can occur, particularly in the early stages of GLP therapy, as the body adjusts to changes in blood sugar levels and food intake.

Remedies:

• Ensure you are eating regular, balanced meals with enough protein.
• Stay hydrated, as dehydration can contribute to feelings of fatigue.
• Incorporate moderate physical activity into your routine to boost energy levels and improve overall well-being.
• If fatigue persists, check in with your healthcare provider to rule out other causes such as low blood sugar or nutritional deficiencies.

Conclusions

GLP-1 drugs are a powerful tool in supporting weight loss. While side effects like nausea, vomiting, constipation, and fatigue are not uncommon, they are usually short term and manageable with dietary and lifestyle adjustments. Most side effects decrease over time as your body adjusts to the medication. Many people have no side effects at all. By working closely with your healthcare provider and making gradual, sustainable lifestyle changes, GLP therapy can significantly improve both your health and quality of life.